SQL Certification Exam

What Is SQL?

SQL is a computer language that was created for managing data in a relational database management system (RDBMS) or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS) (RDSMS). It's especially beneficial for dealing with structured data, or data that has relationships between entities and variables.

Compared to previous read–write APIs like ISAM or VSAM, SQL has two major advantages. For starters, it introduced the concept of using a single command to access several records. Second, it avoids the need to declare how to access a record, such as whether to use an index or not.

SQL consists of many types of statements, which are informally classified as sublanguages, such as a data query language (DQL), a data definition language (DDL), a data control language (DCL), and a data manipulation language. SQL was originally based on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus (DML). Data query, data manipulation (insert, update, and delete), data definition (schema construction and updating), and data access control are all covered by SQL. Despite the fact that SQL is primarily a declarative language (4GL), it also has procedural aspects.

Edgar F. Codd's relational paradigm was used in one of the earliest commercial languages, SQL. In his influential 1970 work, "A Relational Approach of Data for Large Shared Data Banks," he described the model. Despite not following strictly to Codd's relational paradigm, it became the most extensively used database language.

After learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd in the early 1970s, Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce created SQL at IBM. This version, dubbed SEQUEL at the time, was created to handle and retrieve data from IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which was developed by a team at IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory in the 1970s.

Salary Range of A SQL Professional

Depending on the experience level and the demographic area, the salary of a SQL Professional varies widely.

The following is the average SQL Professional Salary in USA:

The following is the average SQL Professional Salary in India:

What Is SQL Certification?

SQL Certification assesses a person's knowledge of the programming language as well as their understanding of SQL database concepts. A variety of certifying authorities, ranging from government agencies to commercial enterprises and organisations, offer the SQL certification. Certifications are normally obtained by the completion of an online or offline exam.

All certificates have their own set of benefits, such as international recognition, career opportunities, freelancing, and so on. So, SQL certification is an online exam that evaluates a Professional's skills and knowledge in order to match them with the suitable opportunities.

Why should you take this Online SQL Certification?

The online SQL certification from Loopskill will assist you in becoming a certified Professional. You can take this exam and by scoring 70% you will become an internationally certified SQL Professional. This certification will help you in three different ways:

• You can demonstrate your SQL certification to potential employers and can stand out of the crowd.
• You can apply for great jobs using loopskill website or app; moreover, our partners companies will contact you directly for full-time or part-time opportunities depending on your skills & requirements.
• Loopskill is not just a platform to get certified or to find full time jobs; here being a certified Professional you can also do freelancing for the clients around the globe. You will be approached by the clients who need your help in building some web based platform or some app based platform.

The loopskill’s online SQL certification is created to help people in exploring and achieving their full potential so they can get connected to the best opportunities around the globe.

Main Features of SQL

High-Efficiency

SQL provides high-performance programming capabilities for database systems that are highly transactional, have a high workload, and are heavily used. SQL programming allows you to describe data in a variety of ways.

A high level of availability

SQL can be used with a variety of databases, including MS Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle Database, SAP HANA, SAP Adaptive Server, and others. All of these relational database management systems support SQL, and it's simple to construct an application extension for procedural programming and a variety of other functions, turning SQL into a powerful tool.

Flexibility and scalability

SQL offers scalability and adaptability. New tables can be easily added, and tables that have been established but are no longer in use can be dropped or deleted from a database.

Transactional Support that is Robust

SQL programming allows you to work with huge datasets and multiple transactions. Do you want to become a SQL certified professional? With intellipaat's SQL certification, you may learn from our SQL specialist and thrive in your work.

High-level security

SQL makes it simple to assign rights to tables, procedures, and views, ensuring that your data is secure.

Advantages of SQL

• SQL Standard: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) published the first SQL standard in 1986, followed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in 1987. The most recent standard part was manufactured in 2011.
• SQL is portable, running on mainframes, personal computers, laptops, servers, tablets, and cellphones. It can be used on local computers, intranets, and the internet. SQL databases may be easily transferred from one device to another.
• SQL databases can be utilized at little cost and with vast communities behind them thanks to open source databases such as MySQL, MariaDB, and PostGres.
• SQL is used by all major database management system companies, including IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft.
• Simple to learn and understand: SQL is primarily made up of English statements, making SQL queries simple to learn and write.
• SQL is an interactive language that may be used to communicate with databases and obtain instant answers to difficult problems.
• SQL is a programming language that programmers can use to create database-driven applications, such as online shopping carts.
• SQL is a database language that is used to create databases and maintain database security. Its primary function is to update, retrieve, and share data with various users.
• Multiple data views: SQL can give various users of the database different views of the database's structure and content.
• SQL is a client/server language that connects front-end computers (clients) to back-end databases (servers). As a result, the client-server architecture is supported.
• SQL can be utilized on the internet in a three-tiered architecture. A client, application server, and database are all part of the architecture.
• SQL is a highly sought-after skill: SQL abilities are required for many jobs, including IT assistance, web development, and business data analysis.

Important Topics to Learn & Master in SQL

SQL Overview

• Outlining SQL as the cornerstone of database activity
• Applying the ANSI/ISO standards
• Describing the fundamental building blocks: tables, columns, primary keys and foreign keys

Building the Database Schema

• Creating tables and columns
• Building tables with CREATE TABLE
• Modifying table structure with ALTER TABLE
• Adding columns to an existing table
• Removing tables with DROP TABLE

Protecting data integrity with constraints

• Guaranteeing uniqueness with primary key constraints
• Enforcing integrity with foreign key constraints
• Imposing business rules with check constraints
• Enabling and disabling constraints
• Removing constraints with ALTER TABLE

Improving performance with indexes

• Expediting data retrieval with indexes
• Recommending guidelines for index creation

Manipulating Data

• Modifying table contents
• Adding table rows with INSERT
• Changing row content with UPDATE
• Removing rows with DELETE

Applying transactions

• Atomic Consistent Isolated Durable (ACID) rules
• Controlling transactions with COMMIT and ROLLBACK

Writing Single Table Queries

• Retrieving data with SELECT
• Restricting rows with the WHERE filter
• Sorting the result with ORDER BY
• Handling NULL values in expressions
• Avoiding NULL value pitfalls in filter conditions

Querying Multiple Tables

• Applying the ANSI/ISO standard join syntax
• Matching related rows with INNER JOIN
• Including nonmatched rows with OUTER JOIN
• Creating a Cartesian product with CROSS JOIN

Combining results with set operators

• Stacking results with UNION
• Identifying matching rows with INTERSECT
• Utilizing EXCEPT to find nonmatching rows

Employing Functions in Data Retrieval

• Processing data with row functions
• Conditional formatting with the CASE expression
• Utilizing the CASE expression to simulate IF tests
• Dealing with NULL values

Performing analysis with aggregate functions

• Summarizing data using SUM, AVG and COUNT
• Finding the highest/lowest values with MAX and MIN
• Defining the summary level with GROUP BY
• Applying filter conditions with HAVING

Constructing Nested Queries

• Applying subqueries in filter conditions
• Correlated vs. noncorrelated subqueries
• Testing the existence of rows

Including subqueries in expressions

• Placing subqueries in the column list
• Creating complex expressions containing subqueries
• Handling subqueries that return no rows

Developing In-Line and Stored Views

• Breaking down complex problems
• Selecting data from a query result set
• Subqueries in the FROM clause
• Creating views in a database
• Building reusable code
• Updateable vs. non-updateable views

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